Target 7 Investigation: CYFD and the child custody system
It's a problem that has brought police to tears, frustrated lawmakers and left survivors at a loss.
New Mexico's Children, Youth and Families Department has time and time again let children return to potentially abusive homes, allowing those children to be exposed to the people who may have abused them.
Target 7 has spent months looking into these cases and searching for solutions as to why children have been placed back into homes, with some ultimately dying.
The case of James Dunklee Cruz
James Dunklee Cruz was a 4-year-old boy who was full of life.
His life was cut tragically short just weeks before Christmas in 2019 when police were called to an apartment complex for an unresponsive child.
VIDEO | Listen to the 911 call from the night James was found unresponsive
Police reports say a babysitter told police he accidentally fell on James, knee first. When police interviewed the babysitter, court documents say the babysitter told police that he was grabbing a pair of underwear out of a drawer when he tripped and fell on James. The babysitter said, according to court documents, the boy later struggled to breathe.
VIDEO | Arrest warrant details what happened when James Dunklee Cruz died - Feb. 19, 2020
The case of James Dunklee Cruz
- 911 call details the moment when mother calls for help for her 4-year-old son
- Arrest made in death of James Dunklee Cruz
- Family and friends gather to honor and remember James Dunklee Cruz
Amber Lowe, James's aunt, says she took care of him during the summers. The death of James made her outraged.
She says she could sense something going on before the child's death.
"I could read his body language and tell there was something going on, whether it was verbal abuse, physical, emotional, whatever, something," Amber said. "I could just tell something was going on."
Amber loved her nephew and knew she needed to contact the Children, Youth and Families Department.
Amber says she explained to CYFD what happened one night when James was dropped off at her home. She says CYFD didn't want James to stay with her.
James's grandfather, Kevin Nelson, also asked the agency to remove James from his mother's care after the grandfather described their home life as "not a pretty picture."
MORE | Police investigate alleged child abuse in James Dunklee Cruz case
After police visited with James, he was released back into his mother's care. Kevin pleaded with CYFD to remove James. CYFD didn't, according to Kevin.
Then on the night of Dec. 10, 2019, police were called to an apartment complex after a 911 caller said her son wasn't moving.
That child was James Dunklee Cruz, who was found dead.
Missing evidence
Following the death of James, a whistleblower of CYFD came forward with information that prompted James to file a lawsuit against CYFD.
"Well, I found out about CYFD the hiding evidence. They were resetting phones that had notes in them. They were destroying pictures. They were," Kevin said. "They had all kinds of information that would have proven that he should have been removed from that home. But they did not do their part. They just didn't do it."
MORE | Lawsuit alleges CYFD deleted evidence regarding child's death in 2019
The suit says ever since the boy was born, CYFD had eight investigations to determine any risk to James, including the day he was at Urgent Care. He was never removed from his home.
“He should still be alive. And he should be taken care of by a family that loves him,” said Alex Crecca, an attorney representing the estate at the time of the suit.
What was even more concerning to Crecca were the actions CYFD allegedly took once they knew James had died.
VIDEO | CYFD and HSD settlement show target outcomes were not met
In a deposition, the investigator working on one of James' cases claims that she was told by her managers to delete notes they didn't want to be recorded in their system.
She testified that she believes they were anticipating an investigation into James' death.
“She took out the parts that were damming to the department, the parts where the department knew they should have taken James into custody back in October when he was at that Urgent Care,” Crecca said.
“If you're covering up your own actions and inactions to do the very job that you're hired to do, that you're legally responsible to do, what's the point of even having CYFD?” Crecca said.
Shortly after James' case came to light, it was announced by Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham that then-CYFD Secretary Brian Blalock was out of the administration.
State Children's Code and CYFD
New Mexico law describes state's first responsibility to children. That law is known as the Children's Code.
The state Children's Code states, in part, the following:
"The Children's Code shall be interpreted and construed to effectuate the following legislative purposes: first to provide for the care, protection and wholesome mental and physical development of children coming within the provisions of the Children's Code and then to preserve the unity of the family whenever possible. A child's health and safety shall be the paramount concern. Permanent separation of a child from the child's family, however, would especially be considered when the child or another child of the parent has suffered permanent or severe injury or repeated abuse. It is the intent of the legislature that, to the maximum extent possible, children in New Mexico shall be reared as members of a family unit."
GET THE FACTS | Click here for more information on the New Mexico Children's Code.
During our investigation, Target 7 found that the understanding of the law isn't entirely clear to everyone.
VIDEO | Judge Stan Whitaker calls upon CYFD to make changes
The state attorney general, foster parents and child advocates all say the law is geared toward unification and the preservation of the family unit.
State Rep. Marian Matthews helped write the original Children's Code in the 1970s. At the time, the code was written to help address child delinquency. The code then, over time, helped create CYFD and guide their priorities.
"CYFD itself has taken on a number of roles, I think, that were probably not intended at the beginning or at least anticipated," Matthews said. "It's morphed into something much larger than it was certainly back when it was first created."
The state agency now oversees child protection services, the juvenile justice system, child care licensing, foster parenting and behavioral health.
When asked by Target 7 if the agency has too many roles and is trying to handle too much, interim CYFD secretary Teresa Casados says, it's a lot.
"I think there's a lot. And I think that the ways way of CYFD was structured. It may have been too much," Casados said.
She also told Target 7 that it's manageable.
VIDEO | Full interview with interim CYFD Secretary Teresa Casados
"I think it's manageable, and I think by pulling things out of the agency and reassigning them elsewhere, you lose that collaborativeness."
What does the data say?
Data released by CYFD shows there are thousands of pending cases and an elevated vacancy rate among different areas of the department.
Of the children in state custody, most of the children who are in state custody have been placed in the homes of relatives.
Currently, CYFD data shows that the number of children needing placement has stayed steady while the number of foster homes has declined.
There are times where there are sudden disruptions in placement of children. CYFD says that some children and youth who experience sudden disruption require a safe place while staff look for a longer-term place for children to be.
Many times, children may stay overnight inside of a CYFD office.
According to CYFD, staffing is split among several different divisions to help serve the public directly or indirectly. The department says that higher caseloads, delays in resolving cases and lower collaboration are consequences that could happen from insufficient staffing levels.
Data shows the highest level of vacancy is among the Office of the Secretary, but, the department says that division is relatively small compared to other divisions.
Department data indicates the second-highest level of vacancy is within the juvenile justice program. CYFD says the reasoning is because of difficulties in filling positions within its facilities.
Although the juvenile justice program has one of the highest vacancy rates among services managed by CYFD, vacancies within the protective services division have the greatest impact on families and children.
MORE | New Mexico's CYFD caseworkers carry double the national average of case loads
The highest number of vacancies seen within the protective services division are in permanency planning. Their role is directly responsible for case management of children in foster care and their families.
Caseloads of CYFD investigators include allegations of maltreatment. The majority of maltreatment allegations that are investigated are related to neglect. While looking at case, CYFD says case workers first determine whether or not keeping a child in the home is most responsible.
Caseworkers will investigate whether the allegations are substantiated, meaning abuse or neglect occurred as a direct result of the actions or inactions of a caregiver.
If a case is determined to be unsubstantiated, it means maltreatment didn't occur or was accidental. It can also be determined when families are uncooperative in the investigation.
How the child custody system works
In addition to the maltreatment allegations investigated by CYFD, there are many other steps that need to be taken when it comes to child custody when it relates to abuse and neglect in New Mexico.
When police respond to a child abuse call, officers have the authority to remove the child from their home for a maximum of 48 hours. After that, CYFD will come in and decide whether or not the child should be placed in state custody for a longer period of time. In order to extend state custody, the agency must petition the court, and the judge signs an order. Once that petition is filed, a hearing is scheduled within 10 days for a judge to decide whether or not the child will remain in custody.
Former children's court judge John Romero says the court needs to find probable cause.
"At that custody hearing, the judicial officer needs to determine whether there's probable cause to believe that the child has been neglected or abused," Romero said.
Former CYFD Secretary Monique Jacobson said it's not easy to prove.
VIDEO | Full interview with former CYFD secretary Monique Jacobson
"You don't need to prove that the father is a heroin user," Jacobson said. "You have to prove that the fact the father is a heroin user creates imminent, puts the child in imminent harm because we have a lot of functioning drug users in New Mexico."
If the child is placed back in the home by CYFD, the agency gives the household what they call a safety plan.
That safety plan is completely voluntary, according to Jacobson. She says the follow-up is voluntary and participation in the investigation is voluntary.
Romero says many families do not cooperate.
What's being done to fix the system?
Many ideas and efforts have been proposed by a wide range of officials on how the system should be changed.
In the 2023 New Mexico legislative session, there were 30 bills proposed that would have impacted CYFD.
One of the most notable was a bill to create an ombudsman. That person would independently investigate complaints and try to resolve them. That person would've been assigned to the Office of the Attorney General.
That bill ultimately died.
Several other bills were also proposed.
House Bill 11 and Senate Bill 373 were identical bills proposed in the 2023 session. Both aimed to create the Office of The Child Advocate as a legal oversight for CYFD.
VIDEO | Learn more about House Bill 11 and Senate Bill 373
Lawmakers and supporters said they were trying to pass this for years.
“This is our fifth year introducing this bill and it's just so important. Forty-three other states have a similar office, and Idaho and Louisiana are attempting to introduce it as well. So this is a national best practice,” Maralyn Beck with New Mexico Child First Network said at the time of the bill's proposal.
The attorney general would have been in charge of the oversight office.
“If he is committed to pushing back against CYFD to make sure that our vulnerable children are protected, we want to work with him, someone who is passionate, who will do the job and will provide the oversight that CYFD has failed at for so long," Republican New Mexico state Sen. Crystal Diamond said.
SB 373 stalled in the House and HB 11 stalled in the Senate.
MORE | Unheard CYFD bills have lawmakers asking questions
When Target 7 approached lawmakers about why the bills failed, we were given different reasons.
Rep. Marian Matthews said bills never got through committees and to the floors in time.
Sen. David Gallegos told us there was opposition from the governor.
As the bills were making their way through the legislature, Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham announced an executive order that would help reform the agency.
VIDEO | Governor announces changes to CYFD
The order created a policy advisory committee, an innovation office and new leadership teams.
Despite those bills failing in the legislature and the governor signing an executive order, Attorney General Raul Torrez believes something else can still be done.
He says he wants to form a civil rights division within the AG's office that could pursue legal action if they feel the civil rights of a child were violated.
VIDEO | Full interview with Attorney General Raul Torrez
"Litigation is sometimes a necessary tool to bring about the kind of systemic institutional change that I think CYFD desperately needs," Torrez said.
As changes are made to our state's Children, Youth and Families Department, Target 7 will follow what is being done to protect our state's children.